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Díli – 22 abril 2025,Estudante sira husi Kursu Estadu Maior Konjunto Integradu ba dala 4, kontinua matéria Estudu Afrika, ne’ebé hanorin husi Dosente M. Azancot dé Menezes durante semana rua, hahu husi loron 14 to’o 30 fulan ne’e.
Matéria ida ne’e, fó enfaze ba tópiku sira prinsipál iha Unidade Kurrikular Estudu Afrika hanesan, Avaliasaun, Revizaun no Debate ba Illa Áfrika Globál, Istória Afrika, Sistema polítiku, Asuntu sosio-ekonómiku no governasaun iha tempu kolonizasaun no deskolonizasaun.
Tanba Liberia iha tinan 1847, sai nasaun primeiru iha Afrika ne’ebé deklara independénsia. Liberia nunka hetan kolonizasaun husi Europa tanba nia relasaun estadu diak ho Estadu Unidus. Liberia fó formada husi ema Afrika-Amerikanu ne’ebé livre husi America Colonization Society iha tinan 1821-1822.
Etiopia mós hanesan nasaun ida ne’ebé la hetan kolonizasaun diretu husi Europa, maski hetan invazaun husi Mussolini iha 1936, maibé resisténsia forte ho apoiu husi Rusia no Estados Unidos fó-sai nia independénsia kontinua.
Tanba mudansa iha mundu depois Funu Mundu II (1939–1945), presizaun internasionál, ho sistema kolonial Europeu ne’ebé enfraquesidu, maka hamosu movimentu deskolonizasaun. Organizasaun Nasaun Unidas (ONU) fó presizaun ba kolonizadór atu fó independénsia ba kolónia sira.
Evidénsia deskolonizasaun inklui mudansa iha Fransa nia politika kolónia, fó estatus hanesan provínsia iha rai-li’ur, no kriasaun Komunidade Fransa. Maibé, iha funu raan iha Algeria (1954–1962), sira loke dalan ba independénsia. Tinan 1960-an, kolonias sira hanesan Morocco, Tunisia, Guiné, Kamerun, Togo, Senegal, Madagáskar, Benin no Níger hetan independénsia.
Nune’e Espana transforma Guiné Equatorial ba provínsia rai-li’ur iha 1950. Tinan 1962, Guiné Equatorial deklara independénsia. Espana mos hetan presizaun husi Frente Polisario nian depois okupasaun iha Sahara Ocidental.
Portugal, iha tempu Oliveira Salazar (diktadór fasis), kontrola kolonias hanesan Angola, Kabu Verde, Mosambike, Guiné-Bissau, São Tomé no Príncipe. Iha tinan 1959, lei foun fó kontinua dominasaun, maibé luta armada hahu. Revolusaun 25 Abril 1974 iha Portugal halo kolonias hetan independénsia ba dalan liberdade.hahu hosi parte norte, oeste no leste iha tinan 1950-an. Iha 1960, balu iha Sub-Saharan Afrika, no Afrika Sul ho Oseanu Indianu iha 1970–1980-an.
Tempu ida ne’e mós , haree divizaun interna, konflitu etniku, interferénsia internasionál, susesu no konsekuénsia independénsia, transformasaun polítika no sosiál, identidade nasionál, no impaktu ba Afrika kontemporaneu. Estudu ida ne’e fó inspirasaun ba movimentu global no prezerva istória ho memória. #MédiaIDN
